What is the primary role of prolactin during lactation?

Prolactin plays a crucial role in lactation primarily by stimulating milk synthesis. This hormone, produced by the anterior pituitary gland, is essential for the development of the mammary glands and the production of milk post-delivery. Prolactin levels increase significantly during pregnancy and immediately after childbirth, facilitating the transition to breastfeeding.

While other hormones such as oxytocin are involved in the milk ejection reflex, it is prolactin that is chiefly responsible for ensuring that the milk is produced in sufficient quantities to meet the infant's needs. This importance of prolactin is underscored by the fact that frequent breastfeeding or milk expression stimulates further prolactin release, thus helping to maintain an adequate milk supply. Understanding the role of prolactin in stimulating milk synthesis is fundamental to lactation management and the support of breastfeeding mothers.