International Board of Certified Lactation Consultant (IBCLC) Practice Exam

When discussing allergic reactions, what is generally referred to in relation to IgE?

1. Infection

2. Inflammation

3. True allergic reaction

4. Autoimmune reaction

The correct answer is: True allergic reaction

In the context of allergic reactions, immunoglobulin E (IgE) is a key player that is specifically associated with true allergic reactions. IgE antibodies are produced by the immune system in response to allergens—substances that can provoke an allergic response, such as pollen, pet dander, or certain foods. When an individual with a sensitized immune system is exposed to an allergen, IgE binds to the surface of mast cells and basophils, leading to the release of histamine and other chemicals. This process results in the characteristic symptoms of an allergic reaction, which can range from mild (such as sneezing or itching) to severe (such as anaphylaxis). In contrast, infection is primarily mediated by other types of immunoglobulins and immune cells that respond to pathogens. Inflammation can occur due to various processes, including infections, injuries, and other irritating substances, not exclusively linked to IgE. Autoimmune reactions involve the immune system targeting the body’s own tissues and are typically mediated by different mechanisms involving other immunoglobulins and immune responses. Thus, the association of IgE specifically with true allergic reactions distinguishes it from these other processes, making it the correct focus in discussions about allergic reactions.